A Textbook of Economic Entomology

Virtual Training Report on Integrated Pest Management

In the last three decades, Somalia faced improper management of importing confessional pesticides, the consequence of that leaded many pesticides which banned internationally to enter the country, and then primary pests became resistant moreover a large number of farmworkers suffering from the side effect of synthetic pesticides due to improper use of pesticides. The general objectives of the training were the capacity building of Integrated Pest Management by practicing elements of IPM such as; Biological control, Cultural control, Legislation, plant quarantine, and genetic control. Ten hours for five days training workshop on capacity building for different students from seven universities were done in Mogadishu. The training was conducted by the Somali Natural resources Research Center SONRREC, and the numbers of participants were 45 students. The results revealed that trainees get sufficient knowledge that integrated pest management is significant for sustainable agricultural development.

A Textbook of Economic Entomology

Entomology is a branch of biology that deals with studying insects. It may divide into four main branches such as Agricultural entomology, medical entomology, industrial entomology, and forensic entomology. Agricultural entomology concerns the study of harmful and beneficial insects that affect agriculture products both in the field or storage e.g., Desert locust, Somali Blister beetle, and Aphids, while medical entomology gives attention to insects that affect human and animal health directly or indirectly as a pathogen vector for example Mosquitoes, Tsetse fly, Sandfly and lice. Industrial entomology elucidates insects that use for a genetic purpose like the fruit fly Drosophila whereas forensic entomology explains the use of the insects that inhabit decomposing dead bodies to aid legal investigations. Insects also probably have the biggest biomass of terrestrial animals because they are the most diverse group of organisms.

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Report on Training Beekeeping Practice

Beekeeping is the core of agricultural development in Somalia, as it makes significant contributions to the National Income and Gross Domestic Product GDP of the country in form of improved crop production and export of bee products. In Somalia, the presence of a bee colony can enhance agricultural production in terms of pollinating fruit and vegetable production. Beehive products, especially honey attract the best prices making it a valuable commodity for income. The honeybee produces more than just the production of honey, but there are other substances that bee colonies produce naturally, such as propolis, beeswax, pollen grain, and royal jelly. These products are very much required in Somalia, but the demand is not always fulfilled by local supply. Recently beekeeping companies are considerably increasing in Somalia, while traditional beehives are decreasing when compared to modern beehives specially Langstroth and ten frame beehives.   Author: Mohamed Dayib Abubakar

Effect of Pesticides on the Agro Ecosystem in Somalia

Pesticides are used massively for many decades due to enhance the productivity of crops for human and livestock survival. Although pesticides have an immediate effect on insect pests, it also reduces environmental biodiversity by causing an acute decline of bee colonies, natural enemies, pollinators, soil microorganisms, aquatic animals, birds, and wild animals. An average of about 200,000 people die from the toxic exposure of pesticides per year across the world, a United Nations report.

Effects of Neemazal-T/S and Deltamethrin on the Rust-Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castanium (Herbst) Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae

Abstract The purpose of this research was to assess the efficacy of dissimilar doses of NeemAzal-T/S, Deltamethrin and their combination against larvae and adults of the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. Author: Mohamed Dayib Abubakar

The impact of internal displacement on crop production in Southwest state, Somalia

Abstract

Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are some of the most neglected and vulnerable populations in the world. They are often neglected due to a lack of laws that protect them so this study aims to examine the impact of internal displacement on crop production in the South-West state of Somalia and the effect of Food Aid on internally displaced persons in the South-West state of Somalia. The focus was to understand households’ food security, economy, labor shortage, and asset loss by displaced persons of farmers, and how food aid affects the internally displaced persons in the IDP camps. The Study practices questionnaire survey and interview. It also uses descriptive Research. The survey respondents were asked to rate eighteen questions developed from the three objectives of the study and followed by an interview research instrument. The study results showed that a high level of decrease in the quantity of crop production which is a result of the number of farmers who stay in IDPs Camps outside of Mogadishu for many years has been identified. And also inadequate labor supply that is less than what was before the displacement. It shows that internal displacement has bad consequences on the development of the country as farmers stay out of farmlands. Finally, the key recommendations of the research are for the government at all levels, to develop clear return and resettlement strategies that are in line with international guiding principles and economic empowerment programs for IDPs should be initiated during their deployment to where they are displaced from that have built-in guidelines for their protection, and local legislation or ordinances should be developed to institutionalize these guidelines.